Convert hexadecimal to decimal using base-16 multiplication
Hexadecimal (base-16) uses digits 0-9 and A-F representing values 10-15. To convert to decimal, multiply each digit by 16 raised to its position power. For FF: (15×16¹) + (15×16⁰) = 240 + 15 = 255. Used extensively in memory addresses, color codes, and low-level programming.